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Simulation

An agent-based simulation validates the theoretical claims of BPE. The simulation models a multi-source, multi-sink economy with heterogeneous agent capacities and task types.

Configuration

Parameter Default Description
Sources 10 Payment stream originators
Sinks 50 Capacity-declaring service agents
Task types 3 Heterogeneous service categories
Timesteps 1,000 Simulation horizon
EWMA \(\alpha\) 0.3 Capacity smoothing parameter

Experiments

1. Convergence & Efficiency

Measures allocation efficiency over time. BPE achieves 95.7% versus 93.5% for round-robin and 79.7% for random allocation.

2. Shock Response

Simulates 20% node-kill events and measures recovery time. BPE recovers within ~50 steps.

3. EWMA Sweep

Sensitivity analysis of the smoothing parameter \(\alpha \in [0.05, 0.95]\) on allocation efficiency and stability.

4. Sybil Resistance

Confirms that stake fragmentation yields strictly negative net profit for all split counts \(n > 1\) under the \(\sqrt{\text{stake}}\) capacity cap.

5. Buffer Utilization

With overflow escrow sized at one period of peak demand, buffer stall rates drop from 73% to under 9%.

Running

cd simulation
python bpe_sim.py

Outputs are saved as PDF figures in docs/paper/figures/:

  • convergence.pdf - Allocation efficiency over time
  • shock.pdf - Shock response and recovery
  • ewma_sweep.pdf - EWMA parameter sensitivity
  • sybil.pdf - Sybil cost analysis
  • buffer.pdf - Buffer utilization dynamics

Source

Simulation source: simulation/bpe_sim.py